How to Perfrom Prayer in Roman Urdu

The method of praying Namaz is

as follows; With Wuzu, face towards the Qibla and stand so that there is a gap of four fingers between your feet. Take each hand to each ear and touch the lobes of the ears with the thumbs and leave the rest of the fingers in their normal state, don’t join them together or spread them apart. Face the palms of the hands towards the Qibia and your sight is to look at the sijdah. Then make a firm intention in your heart as to which Namaz you are praying and while saying ‘Allah-o-Akbar’ lower your hands and join them below the
naval. The way to join the hands is to have the palm of the right hand on top of the back of the left hand wrist, keep the middle three fingers straight and circle the left wrist with the thumb and the little finger firmly grasping the hand. Then pray ‘Sana’ meaning

Subhanakallah Humma Wa Bihamdika Wa Tabarakasmuka Wa Ta’ala Jadduka Wa Laa ila’ha Ghairuk” . Then pray Ta’awwuz meaning “A’oozu Billahi Minas Shaitaanir Rajeem” and then pray Tasmee’a meaning “Bismillah’ ir’rahman’ir’ Raheem” . Then pray the whole of the ‘Alhamdo’ Surat and say ‘Aameen’ quietly. After this, pray any Surat or three ayats or one ayat which is equivalent to three small ayats.

Then whilst saying Allah-o-Akbar go into the Rukooh. Grasp the knees with the hands and spread your  fingers over the knees. Keep your back straight and your head level with your back and make sure that you
are not too far up or kneeling to low down and keep your sight on your feet and pray at least three times “Subhana Rabbi’al Azueem’ and then pray this whilst standing up ‘Sami Allahu Liman Hamidah’
and if you are praying Namaz alone then also say ‘Allahumma Rabbana Walakal Hamd’ and then while saying Allah-o-Akbar go into the Sijdah. The way to do this is to first put your knees on the ground, then put your hands at the side of the place where your are going to put your head and then place your head by first placing your nose on the ground and then your forehead and then press hard on your nose. Look towards your nose and keep your elbows up so that they don’t touch the ground and leave a gap between your armpits and make sure that there is a gap between your thighs and your stomach.

Place all your toes so that their tips are pointing towards the Qibla and their bases are flat on the ground. Keep your hands flat and have your fingers pointing towards the Qibla. Then pray at least three times ‘Subhana Rabbi al A’ala’. Then lift your head up while saying Allah-o-Akbar with first lifting your forehead then your nose then your face and then your hands. Keep your right foot upright and lay your left foot flat and sit on it firmly. Place your hands on your knees with the finger tips pointing towards the Qibla
and the palm of your hands flat near your knees and the base of the .fingertips laid flat at the end of your kneecaps. Then whilst saying ‘Allah-o-Akbar’ go back into the Sijdah and this is done in the same way as the first one. Then stand up by placing your hands on your knees and putting pressure on your knees and legs stand upright, don’t put your hands on the ground to assist you to stand up. Now pray only ‘Bismillah’ir’ Rahmaan’ir’ Raheem’ and then Alhamdo and another Surat and as before perform Rukooh and Sijdah, and when getting up from the second Sijdah leave your right foot upright and lay your left foot flat and sit upright. And pray •AttahiyyaatuLillahi Was Salawato Wattayyibatu Assalamu Alaika Ayyuhannabi ‘o ‘Warahmatullahi Wabarka’tuhu Assalamu Alaina Wa’ala’Ibadillahis Sa’liheen, Ash’had’u’un La ilahaillallahu Wa Ash’hadu Anna MuhammadunAbd’uhu Wa Rasooluh’, This is known as Tashahhud. When you are reaching La’Jlaha make a circle in your right hand by joining the thumb with the middle finger and curl the small and it’s adjacent finger with the middle finger and on the word La lift your index finger but
don’t move side to side and when you reach ‘illallahu’ straighten your hand back to normal. Now if you have more than two Ra.kats to pray then stand back up and pray more Rakats, but for a Farz Namaz there is no need to join an other Surat after Alhamdo and then continue and when you reach your last Qaidah (sitting position) pray

Tashahhud and then pray the DuroodSharif called Durood-e-lbrahim‘Allahumma Salleh Ala Sayyidina Muhammadin Wa’ala’ Aale Sayyidina Muhammadin Kama Sallaiyta Ala Sayyidina Ibraheema Wa’ Ala Aale Sayyidina Ibraheema InnakaHameedum Majeed -Allahumma Baarak Ala Sayyidina Muhammadin Wa’ Ala Aale Sayyidina Muhammadin Kama Baarakta Ala Sayyidina Ibraheem Wa’ Ala Aale Sayyidina Ibraheema Innaka Hameedum Majeed’

After this pray‘Allahumag Firii Wali Wale Dayya Wal Ustaad’e Wal Jamee’il Mu’mineena Wal Mu’meenat Wal Muslimeena Wal MuslimatAI’Ahya’eMinhum Wal Amwaat’e Innaka MujeebudDa’waatBirahmatikaYa Ar’hamarr’ahimeen’ or pray another Dua-e-Ma’soor or pray ‘Allahumma Rabbana Aatina Fid DuniyaHasanatawWafil Akhirati Hasanataw Wa QinaAzaabanNaar’ Make
sure you pray this by starting it with ‘Allahumma’ and then turn your head towards your right shoulder and say‘Assalamu Alai’kumWarah’matullah’ and then turn your head towards your left shoulder and repeat the same words again. The Namaz has now finished, so raise both your hands and pray any Dua for example‘Allahumma Rabbana Aatina Fid Duniya Hasanataw Wafil Akhirati Hasanataw Wa Qina
Azaaban Naar’ then rub your hands over your face. This is the method for an Imam or a male praying Namaz on their own. If however, you are a Muqtadee meaning praying in congregation (Jamaat) and
behind an Imam then don’t perform Qiraayat meaning don’t pray ‘Alhamdo’ or a Surat, whether the Imam is praying loudly or quietly. Qiraayat is not allowed in any Namaz if it is being prayed behind an Imam.

If the Namazee is a female then at the Takbeer-e-Tahrima she should lift her hands only upto her
shoulders and then place her left hand on her chest and the right hand on top of it. When performing Rukoo she should only bend a little so that her hands reach her knees and she should not put pressure on her knees and keep her fingers tightly together and not to straighten her back like males. When performing Sijdah she should crawl up and perform Sijdah so that the arms are joined with the sides, her stomach is joined with her thighs and her thighs are crawled up with her shins and her feet are pointing outwards and are flat. In Qaidah she should have both her feet pointing outwards towards the right and are flat. She should sit on her left buttock
and keep her hands in the middle of her thighs.

Order of Farz, Wajib.
Sunnat and Mustahhab

• Rule: In the above method
  some actions are Farz (obligatory) and therefore without
  performing these the Namaz will not count. Some actions are Wajib
  (necessary) and therefore to deliberately miss them is a sin and
  it would be necessary (Wajib) to repeat the Namaz and if they are
  missed by mistake then a ‘Sijdah-e-Sahoo’ would have to be
  performed at the end. Some are Sunnat-e-Maukida and therefore to
  make a habit of missing them is a sin and some are Mustahhab and
  therefore to perform will gain rewards and to miss will not be a
  sin.

Farz (Obligatory) actions
within Namaz.

There are seven action within Namaz which
are Farz.

1. Takbeer-e-Tahrima –
   meaning the first ‘Allah-o-Akbar’ (or any other word which would
   praise Allah) with which the Namaz begins
2. Qayaam – meaning to stand
   until the Farz Qiraayat is completed
3. Qiraayat – meaning to
   pray at least one verse of the Holy Quran
4. Rukooh – meaning to bend
   so that that the hands reach the knees
5. Sujood – meaning the
   forehead to firmly touch the ground and at least one toe on each
   foot to be flat so that it’s base is touching the ground and it’s
   tip is pointing towards the Qibla
6. Qaidah-e-Akhira – meaning
   when the Rakats of Namaz are completed to sit for the duration it
   takes so the whole of Tashahhud (attahiyat) is completed until ‘Rusooluh’
   
7. Khurooj-e-Be’sunoo’i –
   meaning after Qaida-e-Akhira to perform an action with which the
   Namaz would finish, whether that be Salaam or to talk etc.

Wajib (necessary) actions
of Namaz

1. In the Takbeer-e-Tahrima to use
   the words ‘Allah-o-Akbar’
2. To pray the whole of the Alhamdo
   Surat.
3. To join a Surat or a verse (Ayat)
   with Alhamdo. In a Farz Namaz for the first two Rakats and in a
   Witr, Sunnat or Nafl Namaz in all the Rakats.
4. To pray before a Surat or Ayat,
   Alhamdo only once.
5. Between Alhamdo and a Surat not
   to pray anything except ‘Ameen’ and Bismillah…
6. To go into Rukoo as soon as the
   Qirayat is finished
7. To perform one Sijdah after
   another without having a delayed gap in between. The gap must be
   no longer than one Rukun, meaning the time it takes someone to say
   ‘Subhanallah’ three times.
8. To pause between actions,
   meaning a gap of time the same as at least one ‘Subhanallah’
   between, Rukoo, Sijdah, Quwmaa and Jalsa.
9. Quwma, meaning to stand up
   straight after Rukoo.
10. When in Sijdah to have three
    toes on each foot to be flat on the ground and the tips pointing
    towards Qibla.
11. Jalsa, meaning to sit up between
    two Sijdahs.
12. Qaidah-e-Oola, meaning to sit
    after two Rakats, if there are more than two Rakats in a Namaz,
    whether it is a Nafl (voluntary) Namaz.
13. Not to continue further after
    Tashahhud (Attahiyat) in a Qaida-e-Oola for a Farz, Witr or
    Sunnat-e-Maukida Namaz.
14. To pray in both Qaidahs the
    whole of Tashahhud, in fact, regardless of the amount of Qaidahs
    in a Namaz to pray the whole of Tashahhud is Wajib, if even one
    word is left out of Attahiytat the Wajib will be missed.
15. In both Salaams the word Salaam
    is Wajib, the words ‘Alaikum Wa Rahmutullah’ is not Wajib.
16. To pray ‘Dua-e-Kunoot’ in Witr.
    
17. To perform Takbeer in Kunoot (To
    lift your hands and say Allah-o-Akbar in the third Rakat of Witr).
    
18. All six Takbeers of Eid Namaz’s
    
19. The Takbeers in the second rakat
    of the Eid Namaz and for them to have the words ‘Allah-o-Akbar.
    
20. The Imam to pray loudly in all
    Jehri Namaz and to pray quietly in non Jehri Namaz.
21. To pray all Farz and Wajib Namaz
    in routine (meaning to pray the before one’s before and the after
    one’s after).
22. To perform only one Rukoo in
    every rakat and to perform only two Sijdahs.
23. Not to perform a Qaidah before
    two rakats and not to perform a Qaida in the third rakat if it is
    a four rakat Namaz.
24. To perform Sijdah-e-Tilawat if
    an Ayat of Sijdah has been prayed.
25. If there has been an error
    (where a Wajib has been missed) then to perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo.
    
26. There is not to be a gap between
    two Farz actions or between two Wajib actions or a Farz and a
    Wajib actions longer than the time it takes to say Subhanallah
    three times.
27. If the Imam is performing
    Qirayat, whether it is loudly or quietly, the Muqtadees to remain
    completely quiet.
28. Except for Qirayat, to follow
    the Imam in all the Wajibs.

Except for the Farz and Wajib
actions, all the rest of the actions mentioned in the method of
Namaz are either Sunnat or Mustahhab. They should not be missed on
purpose, and if they are missed by mistake then it is not necessary
to perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo nor repeat the Namaz. If however, you
repeated the Namaz then it is a good thing. If you want to know in
more detail the Sunnats and Mustahhabs then read either
Bahar-e-Shariat or Fatawa-e-Razvia as we have not gone into small
detail or abbreviated them here.

SIJDAH-E-SAHOO (SIJDAH FOR FAULTS)

When is Sijdah-e-Sahoo
Wajib ?

If those actions which are Wajib in Namaz
are not performed by mistake, it is Wajib to perform the
Sijdah-e-Sahoo to substitute for the action missed.

Method of performing
Sijdah-e-Sahoo

The method of performing this is, when you
finish praying ‘Attahiyat’ in the last Qaidah, turn your head to the
right side and then perform two Sijdahs. Then repeat Attahiyat from
the beginning and complete your Namaz.

• Rule: If a Wajib was
  missed and you did not perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo and completed the
  Namaz, then it is Wajib to repeat the Namaz. Rule: If a Wajib is
  missed deliberately, then a to perform A Sijdah-e-Sahoo would not
  be sufficient and therefore it would be Wajib to repeat the Namaz.
  Rule: If any of the Farz actions are missed, then Sijdah-e-Sahoo
  would not compensate for them and therefore the Namaz would not
  count and to repeat the Namaz would be Farz.

Actions which by missing
would not make the Sijdah-e-Sahoo necessary

• Rule: If the actions that
  are Sunnat or Mustahhab in Namaz are missed, such as ‘Ta’awwuz’, ‘Tasmee’
  ‘Aameen’, ‘Takbeers when changing positions’, the Tasbeehs (of
  Rukoo and Sijdahs) etc. it would not make it necessary to perform
  Sijdah-e-Sahoo, but the Namaz would count [Radd-ul-Mohtar,
  Guniya]. However, it would be better to repeat it.
• Rule: If in one Namaz
  many Wajibs are missed, then the two Sijdahs of Sahoo would be
  sufficient, it is not necessary to perform a Sijdah-e-Sahoo for
  ever Wajib missed [Radd-ul-Mohtar, etc.].
• Rule: If in the first
  Qaidah after Attahiyat and before standing for the third Rakat
  there is a delay as long as it takes to pray ‘Allahumma Salleh Ala
  Muhammad’ then Sijdah-e-Sahoo would become Wajib, whether you pray
  it or not, in both situations Sijdah-e-Sahoo would become Wajib
  [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: If in Qiraayat etc
  at any time you start thinking and there is a gap long enough for
  someone to say ‘Subhanallah’ three times, then it would be Wajib
  to perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo [Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: If you think that
  the first Qaidah is the last Qaidah in a four Rakat Namaz and you
  perform Salaam and then remember and stand back up and complete
  the Namaz, you must perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo [Alamgiri]. If
  you forgot to pause between actions then Sijdah-e-Sahoo is Wajib
  [Hindiya].
• Rule: If a Muqtadee had
  not completed his ‘Attahiyat’ and the Imam stood up for the third
  Rakat, it is necessary for the Muqtadee to complete his Attahiyat,
  regardless of whether it causes delay.
• Rule: If the Muqtadee had
  not prayed the Tasbeeh in a Rukoo or Sijdah three times and the
  Imam finished it and stood up, it is necessary for the Muqtadee to
  stand up and not finish the rest of the Tasbeeh.
• Rule: If a person forgot
  to perform the first Qaidah and had only started standing up then
  he should sit back down and pray Attahiyat and the Namaz would be
  correct, a Sijdah-e-Sahoo would not be necessary. If however, he
  stood up and was close to completely, standing then he should
  stand up and continue with his Namaz and then finally perform
  Sijdah-e-Sahoo [Shareh Waqia, Hidaaya etc].
• Rule: If you forgot to
  perform the last Qaidah and had not yet performed a Sijdah for the
  extra Rakat then you should sit back down straight away and
  perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo. If however, you had performed a Sijdah for
  the extra Rakat then except for Maghrib you can join another Rakat
  and they would all count as Nafl, because your Farz Namaz would
  not count and therefore you would have to pray the Farz Namaz
  again [Hidaaya, Shareh Waqia].
• Rule: If in the last
  Qaidah you prayed Tasahhud and then stood back up, you should sit
  straight back down and as long as you have not performed a Sijdah
  for the extra Rakat, perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo and complete the Namaz.
  If however, you had performed a Sijdah in the extra Rakat, your
  Farz Namaz would still count but you should join another Rakat and
  then finally perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo and the last two Rakats would
  count as Nafl, but do not join another Rakat for Maghrib Namaz
  [Hidaaya, Shareh Waqia].
• Rule: If in one Rakat you
  performed three Sijdahs or two Rukoos or forgot the first Qaidah
  then perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo.
• Rule: Order of sequence
  is obligatory in Qayam, Rukoo, Sijdah and the last Qaidah,
  therefore, if you performed Rukoo before you performed Qayam then
  this Rukoo is cancelled and will not count and if then you perform
  another Rukoo your Namaz will count otherwise it will not, and in
  the same way if you performed Sijdah before the Rukoo and then
  performed the Rukoo and performed the Sijdah again after, then the
  Namaz will count.
• Rule: Order of sequence
  is obligatory in Qayam, Rukoo, Sijdah and the last Qaidah meaning,
  whichever is due first should be done first and whichever is due
  next should be done next and if this done in,the wrong order then
  the Namaz will not count, for example, if someone performed Sijdah
  before Rukoo then their Namaz will not count, however, if they
  performed the Sijdah again after the Rukoo meaning they rectified
  the order of sequence again then their Namaz will count. In the
  same way if they perform Rukoo before Qayam and they stand back in
  Qayam and then perform another Rukoo, their Namaz will count
  Radd-ul-Mohtar]. All Qaidahs in Nafl Namaz are counted as last
  Qaidahs and therefore are obligatory and so if you forgot to
  perform a Qaidah and stood up then as long as you have not
  performed a Sijdah for the new Rakat sit back down and perform the
  Qaidah and then perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo and all Wajib Namaz are in
  the same rule as Farz Namaz, therefore if you forget to perform
  the first Qaidah of Witr then the same rule applies as a Farz
  Namaz [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: If you forgot to
  pray Dua-e-Kunoot or forgot to perform the Takbeer-e-Kunoot then
  perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo. Takbeer-e-Kunoot means the Takbeer that is
  said in the third Rakat after Qirat and is done and then
  Dua-e-Kunoot is prayed [Alamgiri].

What is Sijdah-e-Tilaawat
?

This is the Sijdah which becomes Wajib when
you pray or hear the verse of Sijdah. It’s proper method is to stand
up and say Allaho-o-Akbar whilst going into Sijdah and then pray at
least three times ‘Subhana Rabbi’al Aalaa’ and then whilst saying
Allah-o-Akbar stand back up.

Sunnat way of performing
Sijdah-e-Tilaawat

• Rule:It is Sunnat to say
  at the start and the end ‘Allaho Akbar in Sijdah-e-Tilaawat. Also
  to start the Sijdah by standing up and then going into Sijdah and
  then standing back up again after. Both of these Qayams are
  Mustahhab [Alamgiri, Durr-e-Mukhtar etc.].
• Rule: If you did not
  stand before or after the Sijdah or you did not say Allaho Akbar
  or you did not pray ‘Subhana Rabbi’al Aala’, then even still your
  Sijdah will count. However, you should not miss Takbeer as it is
  against procedure [Alamgiri, Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: When saying the
  Takbeer you do not lift your hands nor do you pray Attahiyat or
  perform Salaam in Sijdah-e-Tilaawat [Tanweer, Bahar].
• Rule: In total there are
  fourteen verses in the Holy Quran whereby whichever verse is
  prayed, both the person praying and listening will have to perform
  Sijdah-e-Tilaawat as it will become Wajib on them, whether the
  person listening made the intention of listening to it or not.
  

Conditions of
Sijdah-e-Tilaawat

• Rule:Except for Tahrimah,
  for Sijdah-e-Tilaawat all conditions remain which are in Namaz;
  For example, cleanliness, facing the Qibla, intention, time and
  covering of the body, also if you have access to water then you
  cannot perform Sijdah-e-Tilaawat by performing Tayammum [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  etc.].
• Rule: If a verse of
  Sijdah is prayed in Namaz then it is Wajib in Namaz to perform
  Sijdah and if you delay it you will become a sinner. Delay means
  to pray three or more verses after the verse of Sijdah. If
  however, the verse is at the end of a Surat then there is no harm
  in finishing the Surat. For example, in Surah Inshaaq if you
  performed Sijdah at the end of the Surat there is no harm.
• Rule: If you prayed a
  verse of Sijdah in Namaz, but forgot to perform Sijdah then as
  long as you are in the state of Namaz (whether you have performed
  Salaam) then you must perform it and then perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo
  [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: If you pray a verse
  of Sijdah in Namaz then to perform it’s Sijdah is Wajib in Namaz
  not outside, and if you deliberately missed it then you are a
  sinner and repentance is necessary as long as you did not perform
  Rukooh and Sijdah straight after the verse.
• Rule: It is not a
  condition to state in the intention for Sijdah-e-Tilaawat the
  verse that you have prayed, but a general intention of
  Sijdah-e-Tilaawat is sufficient.
• Rule: Whatever action
  breaks the Namaz also breaks the Sijdah-e-Tilaawat, such as
  releasing wind, talking, laughing in Namaz etc. [Durr-e-Mukhtar
  etc.].
• Rule: Sijdah does not
  become Wajib by writing a vferse of Sijdah or just by looking at
  the verse [Qazi Khan, Alamgiri, Guniya].
• Rule: For the Sijdah to
  become Wajib, it is not necessary to pray the whole verse of
  Sijdah, but by just praying the word that makes the verse Wajib
  and a joining word before or after the word would make the Sijdah
  Wajib [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: By spelling or
  listening to the spelling of a verse of Sijdah does not make the
  Sijdah Wajib [Alamgiri, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Qazi Khan].
• Rule: If the translation
  of a verse of Sijdah is prayed or is heard then the Sijdah becomes
  Wajib, whether the person who heard it understands it or not that
  it was the translation of a verse of Sijdah. However, it is
  important that if he does not know then he should be informed. If
  however, the verse is prayed and then the translation is prayed
  then it is not necessary to inform him that this was the
  translation [Qazi Khan, Alamgiri, Bahar].
• Rule: If a woman on her
  menstrual cycle of bleeding after childbirth has prayed the verse
  then the Sijdah won’t be necessary for her to perform the Sijdah,
  however those who have heard her pray the verse will have to
  perform the Sijdah as it is still Wajib for them [Bahar].

• Rule: Just as it does not
  become Wajib for a woman on her menstrual cycle or bleeding after
  childbirth to perform a Sijdah, it also does not become Wajib for
  her if she hears the verse.
• Rule: If a person for
  whom it is obligatory to bathe has prayed the verse of Sijdah or
  heard the verse or a person who is not in Wuzu prays or hears it
  then it still becomes Wajib for them to perform a Sijdah.
• Rule: If a child prays a
  verse of Sijdah then it becomes Wajib for those who hear it but
  not for the child [Alamgiri etc.].
• Rule: If the Imam has
  prayed the verse of Sijdah but did not perform Sijdah, then the
  Muqtadee will also not perform Sijdah and continue following the
  Imam even though they might have heard the verse [Guniya].
  Whenever the verse is prayed and for some reason the person
  praying or hearing do not perform the Sijdah then it is Mustahhab
  to pray “Sam’1 Na Wa Ata’na Gufranaka Rabbana Wa’ilaikal Masir
  [Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: To pray the whole
  Surat and to miss the verse of Sijdah is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi [Qazi
  Khan, Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: If in one Mosque
  one verse is repeated many times or heard many times then only one
  Sijdah is Wajib even if different people have prayed it. Also if
  you pray a verse and you hear the same verse from someone else,
  then again only one Sijdah will be Wajib [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].

Changing of an Assembly

• Rule: The assembly will
  not change by eating one or two bites, drinking one or two gulps,
  to stand, to walk one or two steps, to reply to a greeting, two
  talk a couple of words, to walk from one side of the house towards
  another side. If however, it is a large house with different rooms
  then the assembly will change by walking from one side to another.
  If you are in a boat and it is moving then the assembly will not
  change. The same rule should also apply to a train. If you are on
  an animal and the animal is moving then the assembly is changing
  but if you are praying Namaz on the animal then the assembly has
  not changed. The assembly will change if you eat three bites, or
  drink three gulps, or walking three steps in a field, to speak
  three words, to lie down and go to sleep, to pray the Nikah and to
  buy or sell something [Alamgiri, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Guniya, Bahar].

• Rule: To sit in an
  assembly for a while and to pray the Quran or perform a lecture or
  listen to a lecture or have a religious discussion does not change
  the assembly, but if between the same verse being repeated you
  perform a worldly action like to sew a piece of cloth etc. then
  the assembly will change [Radd-ul-Mokhtar].
• Rule: If the person
  hearing the verse is paying attention and to perform the Sijdah
  would not be a strain on them then the verse should be prayed
  loudly otherwise it should be prayed quietly and if you are not
  sure whether they are paying attention or not then the verse
  should be prayed quietly [Radd-ul-Mohtar, Bahar-e-Shariat].
  
• Rule: During the state of
  illness, theSildah can be performed by action only, also if you
  are on a journey and in a vehicle then you can perform action only
  to fulfil the Sijdah and it will count [Alamgiri etc.].
  

Sijdah-e-Shukr (Thanks)

The method of performing a Sijdah for
thanking Allah is the same as for Sijdah-e-Tilaawat.

• Rule: It is Mustahhab to
  perform the Sijdah-e-Shukr if a child is born, or you have gained
  wealth, or you have found a lost item, or your illness has gone
  better, or you have returned from a journey safely or you have
  obtained a gift.

QIRAAYAT –
MEANING TO PRAY THE HOLY QURAN

• Rule: Qiraayat should be so loud that if you are not deaf
  or there is no loud noise in the background, then you can hear
  what you are praying yourself and if it is not this loud then the
  Namaz will not count. In the same way all other situations that
  require verbal praying has the same rule, for example,
  slaughtering an animal and to say ‘Bismillah Allaho Akbar’, to
  give a divorce (Talaaq), to pray the verse of Sijdah that would
  make the Sijdah-e-Tilaawat Wajib, in all these situations the
  voice should be so loud that you can hear it yourself [Miraqul
  Falaah etc.].
• Rule: It is Wajib for the
  Imam to pray loudly (Johr) in the first two Farz Rakats of Fajr,
  Maghrib and Isha and for the Rakats of Ju’ma, Eids, Tarawih and
  the Witr for Ramadan. It is Wajib for the Imam to pray quietly (Ahista)
  in the third Rakat of Maghrib, the third and fourth Rakat of Isha
  and all the Rakats of Zohr and Asr.
• Rule: To pray loudly for
  the Imam means he prays loud enough that the people in the first
  row can hear and quietly means he can hear his voice himself.
  
• Rule: To pray loudly but
  only one or two people next to you can hear is not counted as Johr
  but is counted as Ahista [Durr-e-Mukhtar]. In the loud (Johri)

  Namaz a person praying on their own has got the choice of praying
  loudly or quietly, it is better to pray loudly.

• Rule: If a person praying
  on their own is praying a Qaza Namaz then it is Wajib to pray
  quietly in all Namaz [Durr-e–Mukhtar]. If a
  person was praying quietly and another person joined in then if it
  is a John Namaz then they must pray the rest loudly and it is not
  necessary to repeat the part he has prayed quietly.
• Rule: If you forgot to
  add a Surat and went into Rukoo and then remembered, you must
  stand back up and pray the Surat and then perform the Rukoo again
  and finally perform Sijdah-e-Sahoo, if you do not perform the
  Rukooh again then the Namaz will not count [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
  
• Rule: If you are not on a
  journey and you have enough time then it is Sunnat to pray ‘Tawal-e-Mufassal’
  (long Surats) in Fajr and Zohr, ‘Awsat-e-Mufassal’ (medium Surats)
  in Asr and Isha and ‘Qasaar-e-Mufassal’ (short Surats) in Maghrib,
  whether you are an Imam or are praying on your own (Munfarid).
  

Surats which are Tawal,
Awsat and Qasaar-e-Mufassal

Surats between Surah-e-Hijraat to Surah-e-
Burooj are Tawal-e-Mufassal. Surats between Surah-e-Burooj to Surah
Lamyakunallazi are known as Awsat-e-Mufassal and Surats from
Lamyakun to the end are known as Qasaar-e-Mufassal.

• Rule: If there is no rush
  in a journey then it is Sunnat to pray Surah-e-Burooj or an
  equivalent size Surat in Fajr and Zohr and in Asr and Isha a
  shorter Surat than that and in Maghrib to pray the short Surats of
  Qasaar-e-Mufassal, if however, you are in a hurry then you can
  pray whatever is easier [Alamgiri]. During times of
  difficulty such as the time is going to go or you are afraid of a
  thief or scared of an enemy then you can pray whatever you wish
  whether you are on a journey or not and even if you cannot
  complete the Wajibs of the Namaz you are allowed to miss them
  also. For example, the time of Fajr is so short that you can only
  pray one verse each then do this [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar] but after the Sun has risen repeat this Namaz
  [Bahar].
• Rule: Whilst praying the
  Sunnats of Fajr, there is a fear that the Jamaat for the Farz
  Namaz will be missed then you should only perform the Wajibs, you
  should miss Sana and Ta’awwuz and in Rukooh and Sijdah you should
  only pray the Tasbeeh once [Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: In Witr Namaz the
  Holy Prophet prayed ‘Sabb-I-ismi Rabb’l’kal A’alaa’ in the first
  Rakaat and ‘QuI Yaa Ayyuhal Kaafiroon’ in the second Rakaat and ‘QuI
  Huwal Lah Ho Ahad in the third Rakaat. Therefore, as a gesture
  these Surats should be prayed and on occasions ‘Inna Anzalna’
  instead of ‘Sabb-I-Ismi’.
• Rule: It is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi to pray the Holy Quran backwards, for example,
  to pray ‘QuI Yaa Ayyuhal Kafiroon’ in the first Rakaat and ‘Alam
  Tara Kaifa’ in the second Rakaat is not allowed, however, if it is
  done by mistake then there is no harm.
• Rule: There is no harm in
  teaching the Para Amma backwards to children so that it is easy to
  learn [Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: If by mistake you
  prayed in the second Rakaat an earlier Surat than the first Rakaat,
  then whether it is only one word you have prayed you must
  continue, you are not allowed to stop and start another one. For
  example, in the first Rakaat you prayed ‘QuI Yaa Ayyuhal Kaafiroon’
  and in the second Rakaat you started by mistake ‘Alam Tara’ then
  you must continue this Surat.

The Rule of Missing a
Surat in Between

• Rule: To miss a Surat
  between two Surats is Makrooh. However, if the middle Surat is a
  larger Surat than the first one then this is allowed. For example,
  there is no harm in praying ‘Inna Anzalna’ after ‘Watteena
  Wazzaytoona’, however, you should not pray ‘QuI Huwallah’ after ‘Iza
  Jaa’a’ [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: It is preferable if
  the Qiraayat in Farz Namaz in the first Rakaat is slightly longer
  than the second Rakaat and in Fajr the Qiraayat should be two
  thirds and one third in the second Rakaat [Alamgiri]. It is Sunnat
  in Jum’a and Eid Namaz to pray ‘Sabb-l-lsmi’ in the first Rakaat
  and ‘Hal Ataaka’ in the second Rakaat [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtaar].
• Rule: Pray equal size
  Surats in both Rakaats of Sunnat and Nafl Namaz [Muniya]. To pray
  the same Surat in both Rakaats in a Nafl Namaz or to repeat the
  same Surat many times in one Rakaat is perfectly allowed [Guniya].
  

To make a mistake in
Qiraayat

The general rule here is that if a mistake
is made and the whole meaning changes then the Namaz will break,
otherwise not.

Rule: If the reason of praying a different letter instead of
the proper letter is because you cannot pray the proper letter then
it is still necessary for you to try and pronounce correctly.
However, if it is due to carelessness, like some of today’s Hafiz
and Alims do have the abilty but are careless and hence miss letters
out then if the meaning of the verse changes then the Namaz will be
void and all Namaz prayed like this will have to be made Qaza.

Action for those who
cannot pronounce correctly

It is necessary for those people who cannot
pronounce letters correctly to try day and night until they can. If
they have the opportunity to pray Namaz behind those who can
pronounce correctly then they should always do this. Or they can
pray the verses which they can pronounce correctly, and if both
options cannot be done then with effort their Namaz will count and
people like them can pray behind people like this [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
Radd-ul-Mohtar, Bahar-e-Shariat etc.].

• Rule: If someone prays ‘Subhana
  Rabbi-al Azueem’ as ‘Subhana Rabbi-al-Ajeem’ (or uses a zeh
  instead of a zoi) then their Namaz will break.

Praying the Holy Quran
outside Namaz

• Rule: The Holy Quran
  should be prayed in a clear and concise manner. It should not be
  sung as this is not allowed but in fact should be taken care that
  the pronunciation is done accurately.
• Rule: It is better to
  pray the Quran by looking at it than off by heart [Alamgiri]. It
  is Mustahhab to perform Wuzu, face the Qibla, wear nice clothes
  and pray the Quran, and when starting to pray first of all say ‘A’oozubillah..’as
  this is Wajib and when starting a Surat pray ‘Bismillah..’ as this
  is Sunnat otherwise if you are praying a Mustahhab verse and it is
  referring to Allah’s self then to pray Bismillah after
  A’oozubillah is Maukidah. If you talk between praying a verse and
  your conversation is of a worldly nature then pray Bismillah
  again, and if it is of a religious nature such as replying to a
  Salaam, or answering to the Azaan, or saying ‘Subhanallah’ or
  praying the Kalima then there is no need to say A’oozubillah again
  [Guniya etc.].
• Rule: If you have started
  praying from Surah Baraat then pray both A’oozubillah and
  Bismillah. If however, Surah Baraat comes in the duration of you
  praying then continue and don’t pray Bismilla. The commonly known
  statement that if you start with Surah Baraat there is still no
  need to pray A’oozobillah or Bismillah is wrong. The other
  statement that if Surah Baraat comes in the duration of you
  praying then pray A’oozubillah but not Bismillah is also wrong
  [Bahar-e-Shariat].
• Rule: It is not good to
  finish the whole Quran in less than three days [Alamgiri].

• Rule: When there is a
  Quran praying ceremony (Khatam) then it is better to pray ‘QuI
  Huwallaho Ahad’ three times.
• Rule: There is no harm in
  praying the Quran whilst lying down as long as the legs are folded
  and the mouth is open, also there is no harm in praying the Quran
  whilst walking and working as long as you are not distracted,
  otherwise it is Makrooh [Guniya].
• Rule: When the Holy Quran
  is prayed loudly in a gathering then it is obligatory for all
  present to listen if the reason for the gathering is to pray the
  Quran, otherwise if only one listens then it is sufficient
  regardless if the others are busy in their work [Guniya,
  Fatawa-e-Razvia, Bahar-e-Shariat].
• Rule: If all the people
  in the gathering pray the Quran loudly then this is Haram. Often
  in an Urs or Fatiha all the people pray the Quran loudly
  individually, this is Haram. If there are a few people in a
  gathering then all should pray quietly [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahar].
  
• Rule: It is not allowed
  to pray the Quran in town centres and where people are working
  because if people do not listen then the sin will be upon the
  person praying.
• Rule: If while praying
  the Quran a religious leader, Sultan, king, an Islamic scholar, a
  spiritual leader etc walk into the room then you are allowed to
  stop and stand up for respect [Guniya, Bahar-e-Shariat].

• Rule: If a person is
  praying the Quran incorrectly then it is Wajib for the person
  listening to correct them, but the condition is that there is no
  jealously or hatred in doing so [Guniya, Bahar].

Respecting the Quran

• Rule: It is better to
  pray the Holy Quran loudly as long as you do not disturb a person
  praying Namaz, or sleeping, or an ill person.
• Rule: It is not a good
  thing to write the Quran on walls or Mehrabs.
• Rule: It is very bad to
  learn the Quran off by heart and then forgetting it. Such a person
  will wake up blind and with leprosy on the day of judgement.
  
• Rule: You should not have
  your back towards the Holy Quran, or spread your legs around it,
  or raise your feet higher than it, or stand on a higher place
  whilst placing the Quran in a lower place.
• Rule: No book should be
  placed on top of the Quran whether it is a book of Fiqh or Hadith.
  
• Rule: If the Quran
  becomes very wet or torn and can no longer be used to pray from,
  then it should be wrapped and buried in a clean place, there
  should also be a coffin so that soil does not get on it.
• Rule: An old Quran which
  can no longer be of use should not be burnt but buried.
• Rule: A cloth should not
  be placed on top of the case that contains the Quran.
• Rule: If a person has
  left the Quran in their house for blessings and auspiciousness and
  does not pray it then there is no sin and because the intention is
  good one they will gain reward [Qazi Khan].

JAMAAT –
CONGREGATIONAL PRAYERS

There has been a lot of emphasis given to
Jamaat and it carries a lot of reward, upto the extent that a Namaz
prayed with Jamaat gains reward twenty seven times more than a Namaz
prayed on it’s own.

• Rule: Jamaat is Wajib for
  males and to miss it even once without cause is a sin and should
  be punished and for those who make a habit of missing Jamaat is a
  wrongdoer (Fasiq) and his statement for witnessing cannot be
  accepted and should be severely punished. If his neighbours
  ignored the fact that he was missing Jamaat then they are also
  sinners.

What Namaz have the
condition of Jamaat

• Rule: For Friday prayers
  (Ju’ma) and Eid prayers, Jamaat is a condition and without Jamaat
  the Namaz cannot be prayed.
• Rule: The Tarawih Namaz
  is Sunnat-e-Kifayya, meaning if some people within an area
  performed it then the rest will not be responsible and if no-one
  prayed it in an area then all will have done a bad thing and would
  be responsible.
• Rule: Jamaat in the Witr
  prayer during the month of Ramadan is Mustah’hab.
• Rule: Jamaat in Sunnat
  and Nafl Namaz is Makrooh and except for the month of Ramadan it
  is also Makrooh for Witr Namaz.
• Rule: If  you are aware
  that if by washing the body parts three times in Wuzu, you will
  miss a Rakaat then it is better to only wash them once and obtain
  the Rakaat. If you are aware tnat by washing me vvuzu pans three
  times you will not miss a Rakaat but will miss the first Takbeer,
  then it is better to wash the parts three times [Sagiri,
  Bahar-e-Shariat].

Jamaat Thania (Duplicate
Jamaat)

• Rule: If in an area there
  is a fixed Imam in a Mosque and after calling the Azaan and Iqamat
  and praying the Sunnats, the Imam has then lead the Jamaat
  prayers, then to pray that Namaz again standing a different Jamaat
  is Makrooh after calling the Azaan and Iqamat again. If however,
  the second Jamaat is prayed without calling another Azaan then
  there is no problem as long as it is prayed slightly away from the
  Mehrab. If the first Jamaat was prayed without an Azaan or with a
  quiet Azaan or by other non regular people then the Jamaat is to
  be called again and this second Jamaat is not Jamaat Thania. [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].

What Reasons allow the
Jamaat to be missed

• Rule: The following
  reasons can be used to miss Jamaat;

• Such an illness that it would be
  very difficult to go to the Mosque
• The weather is very cold or very
  cloudy, or very windy
• You have a bad urge of
  excretion, urination or releasing wind
• You are scared of an aggressor
  
• You are scared that you will
  miss your group
• You are blind or disabled
• You are so old that it is very
  difficult to go to the Mosque
• You are afraid that your
  possession or food will be destroyed
• A person who is poor and owes
  money and is scared of bumping into the lender
• You are looking after an ill
  person and if you leave them they will have difficulty or be
  afraid.

All the above are causes that allow you to
miss Jamaat.

• Rule: Women are not
  allowed to attend any Jamaat, not day Namaz or night Namaz, or
  Ju’ma and Eid, whether she is young or old. The same rule applies
  for women attending lectures, i.e. they are not allowed to attend
  [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahar-e-Shariat].

Where does a single
Muqtadee stand ?

• Rule: A single male
  Muqtadee, even if he is a child should stand on the right side and
  parallel with the Imam. It is Makrooh for a single Muqtadee to
  stand on the Imam’s left side or behind the Imam. If there are two
  Muqtadees then they should stand behind the Imam, to parallel with
  the Imam is Makrooh-e-Tanzihi. If there are more than two
  Muqtadees then it is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi to stand parallel with the
  Imam [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahar].
• Rule: One person was
  stood in line with the Imam and then another person joined then
  the Imam should go forward and the person that has joined the
  Jamaat should stand next to the present Muqtadee. If the Imam
  cannot move forward then the Muqtadee should move backwards or the
  person arriving should pull the Muqtadee back. However, if there
  is only one Muqtadee then it is better if he comes back and if
  there are two then it is better for the Imam to move forward.
  

Rules of rows (Saff)

• Rule:
  The rows should be straight and the people should
  be joined alongside each other. There should not be a gap between
  the people in the rows and the shoulders should be level and the
  Imam should be in the front in the middle.
• Rule: It is better to
  stand in the first row and close to the Imam. However, in the
  Jananza Namaz it is better to stand in the back row [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
  
• Rule: The Muqtadee should
  say the Takbeer-e-Tahrima with or after the Imam. If the Muqtadee
  said the word ‘Allah’ with the Imam and ‘Akbar’ before the Imam
  then the Namaz will not count.
• Rule: The Muqtadee cannot
  pray the Quran in any Namaz, not when the Imam prays loudly or
  quietly because whatever the Imam prays is sufficient for the
  Muqtadee [Hidaya etc.].
• Rule: The method of the
  rows should be that the men are in the front rows then children
  then finally women [Hidaya].

Who should be an Imam

• Rule:
  The Imam should be a Muslim, male, sane, adult, one
  who knows the rules of Namaz and a non Ma’zoor (has no illness).
  If any of the above six aspects are not found in an Imam then the
  Namaz will not count behind him.
• Rule: A Ma’zoor can be an
  Imam for a Muqtadee with the same illness or worse than him. If
  however, both the Imam and Muqtadee have two different types of
  illnesses e.g. one suffers from releasing wind and the other
  suffers from droplets of urine then they cannot be an Imam for
  each other [Alamgiri, Radd-ul-Mohtar]. Rule: A person with
  a Tayammum can be an Imam for a person with Wuzu [Hidaya etc.].

• Rule: A person who
  performs Masah over leather socks can be an Imam for a person
  washing his feet [Hidaya etc.].
• Rule: A person who prays
  Namaz standing can be a Muqtadee of a person who prays Namaz
  seated [Hidaya].
• Rule: The person who
  performs Rukooh and Sijdah cannot pray behind a person who prays
  by action only. However, if both the Imam and Muqtadee both pray
  with actions then they can follow each other [Hidaya].

• Rule: A naked person
  cannot be an Imam of a person who has covered his body [Hidaya].
  

Order of praying Namaz
behind a person with wrong beliefs

• Rule:
  To make a ‘Bud Mazhab’ (person with corrupt
  beliefs) whose beliefs have not gone outside the folds of Islam is
  a sin and to pray a Namaz behind him would make the Namaz
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi and would have to be repeated as this would be
  Wajib[Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar,
  Alamgiri].
• Rule: To make an open
  wrongdoer (Fasiq Mu’allin) such as a person who drinks alcohol,
  gambles, adulterer, one who obtains interest money, one who tells
  tales etc. those who commit big sins, an Imam, is a sin and Namaz
  behind them would be Makrooh-e-Tahrimi and to repeat it is Wajib
  [Radd-ul-Mohtar, Durr-e-Mukhtar etc.]
• Rule: Namaz behind those Bad Mazhabs whose beliefs have
  gone out of the folds of Islam such as Rafzi (Shiites, even if
  they only reject the fact of Hazrat Abubakr being a Caliph or a
  Sahhabi or insults the Shaikhain Radi Allahu Ta’ala Anhuma), those
  who believe that the Holy Quran is man made, those who reject
  intercession or seeing Allah on the day of Hashr, or the
  punishment of the grave or the existence of Kiraman Katibeen
  cannot be performed [Alamgiri, Guniya]. There is an even more
  stricter rule for those who call themselves Muslims and in fact
  follow the Sunnats but still reject some important beliefs of
  religion (Zarooriyat-e-Deen) and insult Allah and His Prophet or
  at least believe those who insult, as Muslims, Namaz behind these
  is also strictly not allowed.

Order of following a
Fasiq

• Rule:
  Following a Fasiq is not allowed except for
  in Ju’ma as there is no alternative for this, for all the other
  Namaz if there are other Mosques in the vicinity then you should
  go. If there are other nearby Mosques that perform the Ju’ma
  prayers then you should go there [Guniya, Radd-ul-Mohtar,
  Fatahul Qadir].
• Rule: For the Imam to
  stand alone on a higher platform is Makrooh, if the height is
  small then it is Makrooh Tanzihi and if the height is big the it
  is Makrooh Tahrimi [Durr-e-Mukhtar etc.].
• Rule: If the Imam is in a
  lower place and the Muqtadees in a higher place it is also Makrooh
  and is against the Sunnat [Durr-e-Mukhtar etc.].
• Rule: A Masbook when
  finishing his missed Rakaats is a Munfarid.

Definition of a Masbook

• Rule: A Masbook is a
  person who joins in the Jamaat after the Imam has already prayed
  some Rakaats and he remains with the Jamaat until the end of the
  Namaz. A Munfarid is a person who prays the Namaz on his own and
  not with Jamaat.
• Rule: If a Masbook found
  the Imam in the Qaidah then he should say Allah-o-Akbar whilst
  standing and fold his arms like normal in Qayam, then whilst
  saying Allah-o-Akbar he should sit down and join the Jamaat. If he
  found them in Rukooh or Sijdah then he should do the same by
  performing Takbeer-e-Tahrima and then join the Jamaat, if he
  however, when saying the first Allah-o-Akbar bent too far as if
  already nearly in Rukooh then the Namaz will not count.
• Rule: If the Masbook
  joined the Jamaat for a four Rakaat Namaz in the fourth Rakaat
  then after the Imam has performed the Salaam he should stand up.
  He should then pray one Rakaat with Alhamdo and Surat and then sit
  down and perform Qaidah. He should then stand back up and pray
  Alhamdo and Surat in this Rakaat and then perform another Rakaat
  and pray only Alhamdo and then go into the last Qaidah and finish
  the Namaz as normal. Meaning except for the Qaidah with the Imam
  he should perform two more Qaidahs. The first Qaidah after one
  Rakaat and the other Qaidah after two more Rakaats.
• Rule: If the Masbook
  joins the Maghrib Namaz in the third Rakaat then after the Imam
  has performed Salaam he should stand up and pray Alhamdo and a
  Surat and then perform Rukooh and Sijdah and then perform a Qaidah.
  He should then stand back up and pray another Rakaat with Alhamdo
  and Surat and then perform Rukooh and Sijdah and the perform the
  last Qaidah and finish the Namaz as normal. Meaning in both the
  Rakaats you have to perform a Qaidah and you have to pray Alhamdo
  and a Surat so in this situation there has been two additional
  Qaidahs after the Imam has performed Salaam.
• Rule: If you have joined
  the Jamaat in the third Rakaat of a four Rakaat Namaz then after
  the Imam has performed Salaam pray two Rakaats and in both Rakaats
  you must pray Alhamdo and a Surat and then perform the last Qaidah
  and finish the Namaz as usual.
• Rule: If you have missed
  the first Rakaat then after the Imam has performed Salaam pray one
  Rakaat with Alhamdo and a Surat.
• Rule: If the Masbook
  performed Salaam with the Imam by mistake then the Namaz has not
  gone but he should stand up and finish his Namaz. If he performed
  the Salaam with the Imam exactly at the same time then no
  Sijdah-e-Sahoo is necessary and if the Salaam was performed after
  the Imaam then Sijdah-e-Sahoo is Wajib. If the Masbook performed
  the Salaam with the Imam deliberately thinking that he should
  perform the Salaam with the Imam then his Namaz has become void
  and he will have to pray it again [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].

When you should break a Farz Namaz and join
the Jamaat

• Rule: Someone started a
  four Rakaat Farz Namaz alone and he had not yet performed the
  Sijdah of the first Rakaat and a group next to him started the
  Namaz with Jamaat, then he should break his Namaz and join the
  Namaz. Also for Fajr and Maghrib even if he has performed the
  Sijdah for the first Rakaat, he should still break the Namaz and
  join the Jamaat.
• Rule: If in the four
  Rakaat Namaz he has performed a Sijdah for the first Rakaat then
  he should not break the Namaz but pray two Rakaats and then finish
  the Namaz after the second Rakaat, and then he should join the
  Jamaat.
• Rule: If he has prayed
  three Rakaats then he cannot break the Namaz but he should finish
  his Namaz alone and then he can join the Jamaat with the intention
  of praying a Nafl Namaz. He however, cannot join the Jamaat with
  the intention of Nafl after Asr Namaz because you cannot pray a
  Nafl after Asr Namaz.
• Rule: In a four Rakaat
  Namaz you had not performed the Sijdah for the third Rakaat then
  you should break the Namaz and join the Jamaat.
• Rule: If you want to
  break the Namaz then there is no need to sit down but whilst
  standing up make the intention to break it and perform Salaam to
  one side.
• Rule: If you started a
  Nafl, Sunnat or a Qaza Namaz and a Jamaat started then do not
  break the Namaz but join the Jamaat after finishing your Namaz. If
  you started a Nafl Namaz with the intention of four Rakaats and
  had only prayed one or two then finish two Rakaats and join the
  Jamaat. If you are in the third Rakaat then finish the Namaz and
  then join the Jamaat.
• Rule: To join the Jamaat
  you can only break the Namaz when the Jamaat is being started
  where you are praying. If you are praying in the home and the
  Jamaat has started at the Mosque or you are praying in one Mosque
  and a Jamaat has started in another Mosque then you cannot break
  the Namaz to join that Jamaat, even if you have not performed the
  Sijdah of the first Rakaat you still cannot break the Namaz [Radd-ul-Mohtar].
  
• Rule: It is obligatory
  for the Muqtadee to follow the Imam for the obligatory actions of
  the Namaz, meaning, if the Muqtadee performed an obligatory action
  before the Imam and did not do at the same time or after the Imam
  then the Namaz will become void. For example the Muqtadee went
  into the Sijdah before the Imam and the Imam had not yet gone into
  Sijdah and the Muqtadee lifted his head from Sijdah then his Namaz
  will become void unless he repeats that Sijdah after the Imam then
  his Namaz will not become void [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].

• Rule: If the Muqtadee
  performed the Sijdah before the Imam but the Imam went into the
  Sijdah before the Muqtadee lifted his head, then the Sijdah will
  count but to do this is Haram [Alamgih].
• Rule: It is
  Makrooh-e-Tanzihi for a Muqtadee to stand at the back on his own
  if there is space in the rows in front. If there is no space
  available then there is no problem, however, if he can, he should
  pull someone from in front backwards so that he can stand adjacent
  to each other. He must remember that the person he is pulling back
  is aware of this rule otherwise he might break his Namaz [Alamgiri]
  and if necessary then he should make an indication and if the
  other person does not come back to the last row then it won’t be
  Makrooh to pray alone in the last row [Fatahul Qadir,
  Bahar-e-Shariat].

Method of starting a Jamaat

The Jamaat should be set up as
follows; when the Mustahhab time for Namaz arrives then the Azaan
should be called. The people should then attend the Mosque or where
the Namaz is going to take place with Wuzu and if they have not
prayed the Sunnats at home then they should pray them and then sit
down ready in rows and the Imam should sit in his place. The
Mu’azzin should then call the Iqamat and when he reaches ‘Hayya Alal
Falaah’ all the people and the Imam should stand up and just before
‘Qad Qamatis Salaat’ the Imam should make the intention and say
Allaho-Akbar and start the Namaz, the Muqtadee should follow the
Imam and say Allaho-Akbar and pray Thana and then the Muqtadees
should remain quiet and the Imam should continue and when the Imam
goes into Rukooh and Sijdah the Muqtadees should follow and complete
the Namaz with the Imam. Except for Alhamdo and a Surat everything
that is prayed in Namaz should be prayed by the Muqtadees. If
someone comes after some Rakaats have already been prayed then he
should make the intention and join the Jamaat. At the end when the
Imam performs Salaam he should not perform Salaam but stand up and
finish the Rakaats off that he missed and then perform Salaam and
finish the Namaz. After the Salaam the Imam should turn to his right
or left side and face the Muqtadees and raise his hands in front of
his chest and perform Dua and the Muqtadees should also perform Dua.
After the Dua they should move from their place and pray the Sunnats
etc.

• Rule: The Imam should say
  the Takbeer-e-Tahrima before ‘Qad Qamatis Salaat’ and the
  Muqtadees should say it after the Imam [Alamgiri].

Actions that break the Namaz

• Rule: Speaking nullifies the Namaz, meaning to speak in
  Namaz would break the Namaz whether it was done purposely or by
  mistake one half of a word or more.
• Rule: Speech that breaks
  the Namaz is when the voice is loud enough so that you can hear it
  yourself even if it makes no sense.
• Rule: If you greet
  someone even by mistake the Namaz will break whether you have only
  got to say ‘Assalam’ and have not had the chance to say ‘Alaikum’.
  
• Rule: If you reply
  to someone by voice then the Namaz will break and if you make an
  indication by hand or head then this is Makrooh

  [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Alamgiri].
  

• Rule: If you sneeze in
  Namaz then do not say ‘Alhamdolillah’, if however, you do the
  Namaz will not break [Alamgiri].
• Rule: If you say ‘Alhamdolillah’
  in reply to hearing good news or when hearing bad news ‘Inna
  Lillahe Wa inna ilaihi Ra’ji’oon’ or when you are shocked ‘Subhanallah’
  or ‘Allaho Akbar’ then the Namaz will break, if the words are not
  said in reply to the news then the Namaz will not break.
• Rule: When clearing the
  throat and two words are said such as ‘Akh too’ and there is not a
  real necessity then the Namaz will break. If there is a real need
  such as for a health reason or you needed to clear your throat
  because when praying the Quran you had difficulty, or you needed
  to inform the Imam of a mistake, or you needed to make someone
  aware that you were praying the Namaz then the Namaz will not
  break.
• Rule: If the Muqtadee
  corrected someone except for his Imam by saying a verse of the
  Quran then the Namaz will break.
• Rule: If the Imam took a
  correction off anyone except for his Muqtadees then the Namaz will
  break.
• Rule: If someone due to
  pain or difficulty said ‘aah’ ‘ooh’ ‘oof ‘tuf or cried out loudly
  and a sound was heard then the Namaz will break. If someone cried
  and no sound was heard only tears dropped then the Namaz will not
  break [Alamgiri, Radd-ul-Mohtar]. If from an ill person the
  words ‘aah’ ‘ooh’ ‘tuf came out without his control then the Namaz
  will not break. In the same way the words that come out when
  sneezing, coughing, yawning which are without control does not
  break the Namaz [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: If when blowing, no
  noise is made then this is the same as breathing and the Namaz
  does not break but to do this on purpose is Makrooh, and if by
  blowing, two words are said such as ‘oof ‘tuf then the Namaz will
  break [Guniya].
• Rule: If when praying the
  Quran you physically read it whilst in Namaz or read it off the
  Mehrab will break the Namaz. If you are praying the Quranoff by
  heart and your view went on the Mehrab or somewhere where the
  Quran was written then the Namaz will not break [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
  
• Rule: If you perform
  Amal-e-Kasir and is not part of Namaz or done to correct the Namaz,
  then the Namaz will break. Amal-e-Qalil will not break the Namaz.
  Amar-e-Kasir is an act whereby if someone from far looked at the
  person praying Namaz, they would be certain that he is not in
  Namaz or they have a definite doubt that they are in Namaz and
  this would break the Namaz. Amal-e-Qalil is when a person from far
  has doubt whether he is in Namaz or not, then this would not break
  the Namaz.
• Rule: If you wore a top
  or trousers or a ‘Tehband’ whilst in Namaz then the Namaz will
  break.
• Rule: To eat or drink in
  Namaz will break the Namaz, whether it is large in quantity or
  small, whether it was eaten by mistake or deliberately upto the
  extent that if an item the size of a linseed was swallowed without
  even chewing it or a drop of water fell into the mouth and you
  swallowed it, then the Namaz will break.
• Rule: Death, insanity,
  unconsciousness, all will break the Namaz. If you wake up before
  the time has passed then perform the Ada Namaz again, and if you
  wake up after the time of Namaz then perform Qaza, as long as it
  is within twenty four hours meaning before the time of six Namaz
  has passed. If you regain consciousness or sanity after six Namaz
  has passed then the Qaza is not Wajib [Alamgiri, Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: If you broke your
  Wuzu deliberately or for some reason a bath became obligatory,
  then the Namaz will break.
• Rule: If you missed an
  obligatory aspect of Namaz and did not perform it in that Namaz
  then the Namaz will break.
• Rule: If you missed a
  condition of Namaz without cause, then the Namaz will break.
  
• Rule: If after the last
  Qaidah you remembered that you had to perform a Sijdah for that
  Namaz or a Sijdah for Tilaawat and you performed that and then did
  not repeat the last Qaidah, then the Namaz will break.
• Rule: If you performed an
  act whilst you were sleeping in Namaz and then you woke up again
  and did not perform that act again, then the Namaz will not count.
  

When can you kill a snake or scorpion whilst
in Namaz

• Rule:
  The Namaz will not break by killing a snake or
  scorpion as long as you do not have to move more than three steps
  or hit more than three strikes. If you have to move more than
  three steps or have to make more than three strikes then the Namaz
  will break.
• Rule: You have the
  permission to kill a snake or scorpion whilst praying Namaz even
  if it breaks the Namaz.
• Rule: It is only a good
  thing to kill a snake or scorpion when it comes in front of you
  and you are afraid it might bite you. If you are sure it will not
  harm you then it is Makrooh [Alamgiri].
• Rule: By scratching three
  times in one act breaks the Namaz. Meaning if you scratch and then
  replace your hand, you scratch again and replace your hand and you
  scratch again and replace your hand then your Namaz will break. If
  you move your hand once and scratch many times then this would be
  regarded as scratching just once and therefore the Namaz will not
  break [Alamgiri, Guniya].
• Rule: Whilst in the
  Takbeers you mispronounced the words Allah-o-Akbar by saying
  Aallah or Aakbar or Akbaar, then in all these situations the Namaz
  will break. If you mispronounced Allah-o-Akbar in the
  Takbeer-e-Tahrima then the Namaz would not start [Durr-e-Mukhtar
  etc.]. Whilst praying the Quran you make such a mistake
  whereby the meaning would change then the Namaz will break.
• Rule: If someone crosses
  in front of a Namazee then whether it be an animal or a person the
  Namaz does not break. However, the person crossing will have
  caused a big sin. If the person was aware of how much of a sin
  this is then he would wait a hundred years stood still rather than
  crossing, in fact he would rather be buried there than cross the
  Namazee.
• Rule: If a person crosses
  a Namazee in a field and leaves a space of three feet distance
  (From the place where he performs Sijdah) then there is no harm,
  however, he cannot do this in a house or Mosque.
• Rule: If there is an
  object in front of the Namazee then you can cross the Namazee with
  the object in between.

Definition of an object

An object is such an item that will cause an obstruction.

• Rule: An object should be
  at least one arm’s length in height and one finger in width and a
  maximum of three arm lengths in height [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: It is better to put
  the object in line with the right eyebrow.

What should the object be made of

The object can be of a tree, human
or animal [Guniya].

• Rule: The object for an
  Imam is sufficient for the Muqtadee, meaning if someone crossed a
  Muqtadee and not the Imam but an object was placed in front of the
  Imam then there is no harm [Radd-ul-Mohtar]. If a Namazee
  wanted to stop someone crossing him then he should say ‘Subhanallah’
  loudly or start praying the Quran loudly or put his hand out but
  he must be aware that he does not do it too many times otherwise
  it would end up being Amal-e-Kasir and therefore the Namaz will
  break [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].

THE
MAKROOHATS OF NAMAZ

To play with the clothes, body or beard is
Makrooh-e-Tahrimi.

To fold your clothing. To lift your
clothing up from the front or behind when going into Sijdah even if
it is getting in the way it is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi, if it is not
getting in the way then it is even more Makrooh.

To hang a piece of clothing whereby
both ends are hanging, like from the head or shoulders, such as a
scarf etc. then this is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi.

If you did not put your arms
through the sleeves ana just let them hang, then this is
Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. [Durr-e-Mukhtar].

The order of hanging
clothes in Namaz

• Rule:
  To put a handkerchief on the shoulder whereby one
  end is hanging in front and the other hanging at the back is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi.
• Rule: To wear a shawl or
  blanket whereby both ends are hanging down from each shoulder is
  not allowed and is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. However, if one end is
  hanging from one shoulder and the other is wrapped round the body
  and goes back over the shoulder, then there is no harm [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule: To fold a piece of
  clothing (sleeves or trouser leg) upwards or inwards is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi, whether it was done before praying Namaz or
  whilst in Namaz [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: For a male to pray
  Namaz whilst having the hair tied in a knot is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi,
  and if he does this whilst praying Namaz then the Namaz will
  break.
• Rule: To move stones
  whilst praying Namaz is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. However, if you cannot
  perform the Sijdah as per the Sunnat then it is Sunnat to move
  them once. If you cannot perform the Wajib aspects of the Sijdah
  then it is Wajib to move them as many times necessary to perform
  the Sijdah properly [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].
  
• Rule: To interlock the
  fingers meaning to insert one hand’s fingers into another hand’s
  fingers is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi [Durr-e-Mukhtar etc], to do
  this whilst going to Namaz or whilst waiting for Namaz is also
  Makrooh.
• Rule: To put your hands
  on your hips is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi and you should not do this
  outside of Namaz [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: To move your head
  from one side to another is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi, even if it is only
  a small movement. If you do not move your head but just your
  eyeballs and is without reason then it is Makrooh-e-Tanzihi, if
  however, you look for a reason to ensure your safety etc. then
  there is no harm. To look upto the sky is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi.
  
• Rule: To sit between
  Tashahhud and Sijdah like a dog (meaning to join the knees with
  the chest and to lay the arms flat on the ground) and for men to
  lay their arms flat when performing Sijdah is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi.
  
• Rule: To wrap yourself
  inside your clothes or a blanket whereby your hands cannot be seen
  is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. Also to do this outside of Namaz is also
  Makrooh and in a place of danger it is forbidden. To hide your
  mouth and face is also Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. To pray Namaz whilst
  someone is sat in front of you facing you is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi.
  

What is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi ?

• Rule:
  To cough without reason or to yawn without reason
  is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. If you yawn naturally then there is no harm
  but you should try and stop it and if you cannot then you should
  bite your lips and if you still cannot then cover your mouth with
  your hand, whilst in Qayam use your right hand and in all other
  position use your left.
• Rule: To pray Namaz with
  only your trousers or ‘Tehband’ on and there is another blanket on
  top available then it is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi, and if you have no
  other clothing available then there is no harm.
• Rule: To delay in the
  Namaz because you are waiting for someone to join you is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. If you are delaying it so that they can join
  the Namaz then it is all right as long as it is no longer than
  saying ‘Subhanallah’ twice [Alamgiri].
• Rule: To pray Namaz with
  a grave in front and nothing in between is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Alamgiri].

To pray Namaz on someone else’s land

• Rule:
  If the land has been stolen or a field where crops
  are going or a ploughed field then to pray Namaz there is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].

• Rule: In a cemetery where
  a place is allocated for Namaz and is does not contain a grave
  then to pray their is no problem. The problem is when there is a
  grave in front of where you are praying Namaz and there is no
  object in between, otherwise if there is a grave on your left,
  right or behind or there is a grave in front but there is an
  object in between you and the grave then there is no harm in
  praying Namaz there [Alamgiri, Guniya, Qazi Khan].

To enter a place of worship for Infidels

• Rule:
  To pray Namaz in an Infidel’s place of worship is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi because it is a place for the devil. In fact you
  are not allowed to go inside them.

Order of praying Namaz
wearing clothes inside out

• Rule:
  To wear clothes inside out or to cover yourself
  with them (with them inside out) is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. Also to
  wear a coat and not to tie the belt or to wear a jacket and not to
  fasten the buttons if you are not wearing anything underneath and
  therefore your chest is left uncovered then it is
  Makrooh-e-Tahrimi and if you are wearing something underneath it
  is Makrooh-e-Tanzihi [Bahar-e-Shariat].

Rule of photography

• Rule: To wear a piece of clothing with a photograph on it
  of a living being will make the Namaz Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. Except
  for Namaz to wear such clothes is not allowed.
• Rule: If a photograph is
  over the head or hung on the wall or is where you are performing a
  Sijdah, then Namaz will be Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. In the same way if a
  photograph is on the left or right side of the Namazee then the
  Namaz will be Makrooh-e-Tahrimi, if it is behind him then it is
  still Makrooh but less than it being on either side.
• Rule: If the photograph
  is on the ground and you are not performing Sijdah on it then
  there is no harm [Hidaya, Fatahul Qadir].
• Rule: If the photograph
  is not of a living being such as, mountain, stream, flowers,
  building etc. then there is no harm [Fatahul Qadir]. If a
  photograph is enclosed in a bag or in your pocket then there is no
  harm in Namaz [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
• Rule: It you are wearing
  a piece of clothing containing a photograph on it and you wear
  another piece on top without a photo on it and it also covers the
  photo then there is no harm in the Namaz [Radd-ut-Mohtar].
  
• Rule: If a photograph is
  in a position of disrespect such as, on the floor where you take
  off your shoes or you clean your shoes on it or walk over it, as
  long as it is not on the ground where you perform Sijdah then
  there is no harm even if it is in the house [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
  
• Rule: If the photograph
  is so small that when looking at it standing up you cannot
  differentiate the body parts on the photograph then by having it
  on the right, left, front or behind the Namazee, it will not make
  the Namaz Makrooh.
• Rule: If the whole of the
  face has been destroyed on the photo then there is no harm [Hidaya,
  etc.]
• Rule: The rules above are
  for when praying Namaz. As far as keeping a photo, it has been
  quoted in the Hadith that if there is a photo or a dog in the
  house then me angels or mercy do not enter it, this is relating to
  a photo which has not been kept as a form of disrespect or when
  looking at it you can differentiate the body parts, otherwise it
  is all right [Fatahul Qadir].
• Rule: To make or have
  made a photo is Haram, whether it is hand or machine made, the
  order is the same.

Makrooh-e- Tanzihi

• Rule: In Sijdah or Rukooh,
  to say the Tasbeeh less than three times is Makrooh-e-Tanzihi. If
  however, you do this because there isn’t enough time or you are
  going to miss the train, then there is no problem.
• Rule: To pray Namaz in
  your working clothes is Makrooh-e-Tanzihi. If however, no other
  clothes are available then there is no harm.

Praying Namaz with the head uncovered

• Rule: To pray Namaz with
  the head uncovered due to idleness, meaning by wearing a topi you
  feel pressure or feel hot, then it is Makrooh-e-Tanzihi. If you
  don’t wear a topi or an Amama (turban) because you feel that the
  Namaz is not worth and you hold no value of Namaz then this is
  Kufr. If you do not wear a hat so that you can concentrate on the
  Namaz and gain more satisfaction then it is Mustahhab [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar, Bahar].
• Rule: If the topi falls
  off in Namaz then to lift it up and put it back on is better as
  long as Amal Kasir does not occur (e.g. lifting it using both
  hands). If the topi has to be lifted a few times then it is better
  to leave and if by lifting it will cause distraction to your
  concentration then it is better to leave it [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].
• Rule:
  To remove grass or sand which is stuck on the forehead is Makrooh
  if it is not causing a problem in praying the Namaz. If you remove
  it due to pride then it is Makrooh-e-Tahrimi. If it is causing a
  problem or distraction when praying Namaz then you can remove it.
  To remove it after Namaz is no problem but in fact should be
  removed so that it would not create a feeling of pretence [Alamgiri].
  In the same way if necessary it is allowed to wipe off the sweat
  from the forehead and all actions of Amal Qalil are allowed if it
  is better for the praying of Namaz, any action that has no benefit
  to Namaz is Makrooh [Alamgiri].
• Rule: If your nose is
  running in Namaz, then it is better to wipe it than to let the
  water drip on the floor, and if you are in the Mosque then to wipe
  it is necessary [Alamgiri].
• Rule: To sit with
  your legs folded in Namaz is Makrooh if there is no need, and if
  there is a necessity then there is no problem and to sit like this
  outside Namaz is no problem [Durr-e-Mukhtar]. When going
  into the Sijdah to
  touch the floor with your hand before the knees touch the ground
  and when coming up from Sijdah the knees to be lifted before the
  hands is Makrooh if there is no necessity.
• Rule: It is Makrooh to
  have your head higher or lower than the back when in Rukooh [Guniya].
  
• Rule: It is Makrooh when
  standing, to lift your legs at different times.
• Rule: If a mosquito or
  lice are causing you difficulty then there is no harm in killing
  them as long as Amal-e-Kasir is not done [Guniya, Bahar].

Praying Namaz on the
Mosque’s roof is Makrooh

• Rule: It is Makrooh to
  pray Namaz on the Mosque’s roof [Alamgiri].
• Rule: If someone is sat
  or stood up and is talking, there is no harm in praying Namaz
  behind him as long as your Namaz is not distracted or your
  attention is not disturbed. Also there is no harm in praying Namaz
  behind the Holy Quran or a sword or someone sleeping and it is not
  Makrooh [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].

Fire in front of a
Namazee

• Rule:
  There is a problem by having fire in front of a
  Namazee and there is no problem by having a candle or light in
  front [Alamgiri].
• Rule: To wave away with
  the hand a mosquito or fly without cause is Makrooh [Alamgiri].

• Rule: To pray Namaz in
  front of anything that causes distraction to the heart is Makrooh
  such as jewellery etc.
• Rule: To run because of
  Namaz is Makrooh [Radd-ul-Mohtar].

To break Namaz in
difficulty

Situations when you are allowed to break
Namaz;

Someone who is in difficulty is asking for help and is calling this
Namazee, someone is drowning or will catch fire, a blind person will
fall in a ditch or a person is going to fall in a well, in all these
situations to break the Namaz is Wajib when this Namazee has the
power to help him [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].

• Rule: If you are feeling
  the need to go to the toilet or you have seen enough impurity on
  your clothes that is allowed or the Namazee has been touched by a
  unknown woman, then in all three situations it is better to break
  the Namaz as long as the time of Jamaat time is not passing, and
  if you have an urge to go to the toilet then it is allowed to miss
  the Jamaat time, but you must not let the Namaz time pass [Radd-ul-Mohtar].

• Rule: To break Namaz is
  allowed in order to kill a snake or an animal that will harm you
  and you are sure that it will.
• Rule: It is allowed to
  break Namaz in order to chase after an animal that has ran away or
  there is a threat that a wolf will harm your goats.

To break Namaz so that
you can stay away from trouble

• Rule:
  If there is going to be a loss of more than one
  Dirham in value (approx. 30p) to yourself or someone else, for
  example, your milk that is boiling will over-boil or the cooking
  of meat will bum or a crow etc. will fly off with your food, then
  in these situations it is allowed to break Namaz [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Alamgiri].
• Rule: If you are praying
  a Nafl Namaz and your mother, father, granddad or grandmother
  calls you but they are not aware that you are in Namaz, then you
  should break the Namaz and answer them [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
  Radd-ul-Mohtar].

Source: Alhazrat.net